Learn more about how the Cal Poly Humboldt Library can help
support your research and learning needs.
Stay updated at Campus Ready.
Abstracts are summaries of articles. The abstract is not the entire article and should not be quoted.
Bibliographies/Reference List are lists of articles, books, websites, films and other materials to help you find information on a topic. Not full-text. Use these to find other relevant sources.
Full-text refers to an entire article or book available for online viewing.
Databases are a one-stop shop for getting scholarly articles on a topic. If you are off campus they will require your HSU ID and password to access.
An easy way to refine your topic is to use Boolean operators and synonyms (words that have a similar meaning to your original word).
To find more synonyms check out the abstracts and subject terms of articles you find on your topic.
Boolean searching is the use of AND, OR, NOT to control your search results.
For example, compare the search results in Academic Search Premier with these search terms and operators:
gaming AND violence locates only records that contain both words.
gaming NOT violence locates records that contain gaming as long as they don't include the word violence.
gaming OR violence locates records that contain one or both words.
Image courtesy of: http://www.le.ac.uk/li/teach/ism1/workbook4d.html
When conducting research it is important to distinguish between journal articles and magazine articles. Journal articles are typically referred to as "scholarly," while magazine articles are usually considered "popular".
Criteria | Scholarly Journal | Popular Magazine |
---|---|---|
Example | ||
Content | In-depth, primary account of original findings written by the researcher(s); very specific information, with the goal of scholarly communication. | Secondary discussion of someone else's research; may include personal narrative or opinion; general information, purpose is to entertain or inform. |
Author | Author's credentials are provided; usually a scholar or specialist with subject expertise. | Author is frequently a journalist paid to write articles, may or may not have subject expertise. |
Audience | Scholars, researchers, and students. | General public; the interested non-specialist. |
Language | Specialized terminology or jargon of the field; requires expertise in subject area. | Vocabulary in general usage; easily understandable to most readers. |
Graphics | Graphs, charts, and tables; very few advertisements and photographs. | Graphs, charts and tables; lots of glossy advertisements and photographs. |
Layout & Organization | Structured; includes the article abstract, goals and objectives, methodology, results (evidence), discussion, conclusion, and bibliography. | Informal; may include non-standard formatting. May not present supporting evidence or a conclusion. |
Accountability | Articles are evaluated by peer-reviewers* or referees who are experts in the field; edited for content, format, and style. | Articles are evaluated by editorial staff, not experts in the field; edited for format and style. |
References | Required. Quotes and facts are verifiable. | Rare. Little, if any, information about source materials is given. |
Other Examples | Annals of Mathematics, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, History of Education Quarterly, Almost anything with Journal in the title. |
Time, Newsweek, The Nation, The Economist |
This is a modified version of a document created by Amy VanScoy at NCSU Libraries.